To solve this problem, we will use Einstein's mass-energy equivalence principle, given by the equation:$\\ E = mc^2 \\$Where:$\\$• $E$ is the energy equivalent of the mass.$\\$• $m$ is the mass of the substance.$\\$• $c$ is the speed of light in a vacuum, approximately $3 \times 10^8$ m/s.$\\$Given:$\\ m = 0.5$ g$= 0.5 \times 10^{-3}$ kg$\\$Substitute the values into the equation:$\\ E = (0.5 \times 10^{-3}) \times (3 \times 10^8)^2 \\$Calculate $(3 \times 10^8)^2: \\ (3 \times 10^8)^2 = 9 \times 10^{16} \\$Substitute back into the equation for $E: \\ E = 0.5 \times 10^{-3} \times 9 \times 10^{16} \\$Simplify the expression:$\\ E = 4.5 \times 10^{13}$ J$\\$Therefore, the energy equivalent of $0.5$ g of a substance is $4.5 \times 10^{13}$ J.$\\$This corresponds to Option 1.