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Structure of Proteins

Primary Structure: Sequence of amino acids

The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Amino Acid

Building block of proteins

Secondary Structure: \alpha-helix and \beta-sheet

The secondary structure refers to local folded structures that form within a polypeptide due to interactions between atoms of the backbone.

$\alpha$ -helix

Right-handed coil

$\beta$ -sheet

Sheet-like structure

Tertiary Structure: 3D folding of a single polypeptide chain

The tertiary structure is the overall three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide.

Disulfide Bond

Covalent bond between sulfur atoms

Quaternary Structure: Assembly of multiple polypeptides

The quaternary structure is the arrangement of multiple folded protein molecules in a multi-subunit complex.

Subunit

Individual polypeptide in a protein complex

Proteins have four levels of structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Each level of structure is crucial for the protein's function.

Understanding protein structure is essential for fields like biochemistry and molecular biology.

Biochemistry

Proteins

Structure

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